Source – news18.com
Emergence in Dairy Cows and Human Cases
Health officials worldwide are closely monitoring the spread of avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, following unprecedented outbreaks among dairy cows in the United States this year. Alarmingly, four dairy workers have also tested positive for the virus, signaling a potential crossover to humans.
Unprecedented Spread of H5N1 Variant
The current concern revolves around a severe variant of the H5N1 strain, which has historically affected wild birds and commercial poultry since 2020. This strain has now crossed into dairy cattle, marking the first documented cases in cows. Until this development, H5N1 had not been known to infect bovine species.
Global Spread and Variants
Across the globe, various strains of bird flu continue to pose threats. In Australia and Mexico, different bird flu strains have surfaced in humans, highlighting the virus’s adaptability across species barriers. Additionally, different H5 subtypes are prevalent in regions such as China, Cambodia, and now, North America.
United States Outbreak and Response
The United States reported its initial cases of infected dairy cattle in Texas in March, with subsequent spread to dairy herds in 12 states. According to the U.S. Agriculture Department, the virus affecting cows matches the H5N1 strain observed in wild birds and commercial poultry. Notably, the four dairy workers infected this year exhibited mild symptoms, including conjunctivitis.
International Impact and Response
In Mexico, the World Health Organization confirmed the first human fatalities from H5N2 avian influenza, though the virus’s role in the deaths remains debated. Australia and India have also reported human infections with different H5 and H9 subtypes respectively, emphasizing the global reach of avian influenza.
Ongoing Surveillance and Concerns
While the current risk of human-to-human transmission remains low, scientists warn of the virus’s potential to mutate and acquire traits that could facilitate widespread transmission among humans, possibly sparking a pandemic. Vigilant surveillance and international cooperation are crucial in containing and monitoring the evolving situation.
As countries worldwide grapple with these outbreaks and their implications for public health and agriculture, the need for coordinated efforts in disease surveillance, prevention, and response becomes increasingly urgent. The World Health Organization continues to collaborate with national health agencies to mitigate the risks posed by avian influenza and safeguard global health.
